Computerized Technology Influenced The Stage And Lighting...

Question: To what extent has the advancement of computerized technology influenced the stage and lighting design of theatre Introduction: Theatre has come a long way from when it first started with regard to the set designs of the plays and musicals. When the sets were first designed the props would either stay on the stage as a permanent structure the whole time or you needed to have the stage crew come out and move the props and scenery. Now with the advancement of technology you can program a computer to move the objects and scenery on the stage instead of having people move each of the objects. This helps to give the plays more of a realist feeling because the play feels like it flows like life does without the interruption of people coming out to change the stage or having to use ropes to move the set. Two men that have lived through and worked as the times are changing are Bob Crowley and Tony Walton. These two men are both current set designers and they have both lived through the transition from having people move the set to now having it controlled by computers. Both of these men have designed numerous shows and have won countless awards for their outstanding work at designing the set for every play they do. Background information: Bob crowley was Born in Cork, Ireland. He trained at the Bristol Old Vic Theatre School. He has designed over 20 productions for the National Theatre. He has also designed numerous productions for the Royal Shakespeare Company. He is aShow MoreRelatedMarketing Management130471 Words   |  522 Pages24 25 26 27 28 29 Unit Title Marketing management – an introduction Marketing environment Marketing with other functional areas of management Market segmentation Market targeting and positioning Product management Brand management Pricing Channel design and management Retailing and Wholesaling Integrated Marketing Communication Advertising management Sales promotion Personal selling Public relations Understanding individual consumer behaviour Understanding industrial consumer behaviour Customer satisfactionRead MoreContemporary Issues in Management Accounting211377 Words   |  846 PagesContract theory analysis of managerial accounting issues Stanley Baiman 3. Reframing manageme nt accounting practice: a diversity of perspectives Jane Baxter and Wai Fong Chua 4. Management accounting and digitization Alnoor Bhimani 5. The contingent design of performance measures Robert H. Chenhall 6. Integrated cost management Robin Cooper and Regine Slagmulder 7. Capital bugeting and informational impediments: a management accounting perspective Lawrence A. Gordon, Martin P. Loeb, and Chih-Yang TsengRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 PagesWide Web at: www.pearsoned.co.uk First published 2007  © Pearson Education Limited 2007 The rights of Joanne Duberley, Phil Johnson and John McAuley to be identified as authors of this work have been asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without either the priorRead MoreSe curity Forces51988 Words   |  208 Pagesshould be consistently reviewed and revised. Additionally, ROEs should be carefully scrutinized to ensure the lives and health of military personnel involved in joint operations is not endangered. In multinational operations, use of force may be influenced by coalition or allied force ROEs. Commanders at all levels must take proactive steps to ensure an understanding of ROEs and influence changes as appropriate. Since the domestic law of some nations may be more restrictive concerning the use of force

John Locke-Slavery - 828 Words

The views of John Locke on the topic of slavery vary drastically from the actual events that took place in the United States. The experiences of Fredrick Douglas give truth to this statement. In Locke s Second Treatise of Government, he expresses the freedom that all men should have as long as they abide by the common rule of the society. In actuality, slaves may have done nothing wrong, but their freedom was still taken away from them. John Locke believed slavery should be a form of punishment for those who committed a crime worthy of death and anyone who committed such a crime should become a slave. Fredrick Douglas teaches us that what really took place in the United States was an unfair practice of kidnapping, then buying and†¦show more content†¦There for, anyone could become a slave, regardless of race, gender, or ethnic background. The only stipulation was age and mental stability. Locke believed that children and the mentally disabled were unable to understa nd exactly what they were doing when committing a crime, and there for, should not suffer the consequences of their actions like grown adults who were able to think clearly. According to Douglas s first hand account, only male and female African Americans of various ages were subject to slavery in the United States during this time period. Instead of enslaving individuals for a specific reason, African Americans were forced into slavery based solely on the color of their skin. Another distinction between Locke s theory and Douglas s experience was the manner in which people were enslaved. Locke believed that if a man committed a crime so horrific that he deserved death as his punishment, his death should be delayed and he should first be used as a slave and be made to take orders from his enslaver. Slavery, in Locke s eyes, only reared its ugly face when someone actually deserved it as his or her punishment. This, however, did not take place in the United States. Douglas expr esses the fact that slaves were often innocent of any crimes. They were men, women, and children unexpectedly taken from their homes and sent to slave prisons. Then, they were shipped to auctions and slave-markets; most separated from their families. Often, theShow MoreRelatedJohn Locke S Justification Of Slavery953 Words   |  4 PagesJohn Locke`s Justification Of Slavery This paper examines Locke`s stand on the state of nature, the state of war, and his reasoning behind the justification of slavery. I am here to prove that Locke`s position on slavery was intended to relieve absolute power from the monarchy, and transfer more of the power into the wealthy and educated people of his own social economic background. In order to accomplish this task, the rest of the essay unfolds in three parts: Part One states and explains Locke`sRead MoreA Utopian Society By John Locke1257 Words   |  6 Pagesleads John Locke to create a utopian society, which is a perfect or ideal society. John Locke attempts to create a utopian society in his Second Treatise of Government in the following three ways: his desire for the equality of men and women; his perspective on slavery; and his beliefs on property. John Locke’s attempt to create a utopian society comprises of his desire for the equality of both men and women. In Chapter 6, John Locke discusses the division of power within a household. Locke comesRead MoreUtopian Society Essay1286 Words   |  6 PagesJohn Locke points to man’s natural tendency to become a part of a society, and most commonly these societies also have governments which maintain order and protect the people under the said government. However, there are many forms of government, all of which have flaws and none of which can be considered a perfect government. One government, which is commonly found in the beginning of many societies, is a monarchy. John Locke himself lived under a monarchy and experienced the unequal division ofRead MoreJohn Locke And The State Of Nature Essay1206 Words   |  5 Pageswritings of philosopher, John Locke. John Locke lived during the Enlightenment, a period where people explored to establish their natural rights in revolutionary acts. The Second Treatise of Government is one of John Locke’s most renowned pieces in which many of his thoughts of human rights, government and property inspired many revolutionary activists to use them as a foundation for their own newly found government. In the first few chapters of this notable work, Locke discusses many ideas suchRead MoreExplaining the Origins and Evils of Society in Second Treatise of Government by Locke and Discourse on the Origin of Inequality by Rousseau1033 Words   |  5 PagesSecond Treatise of Government by John Locke and Discourse on the Origin of Inequality by Jean-Jacques Rousseau are books written to try and explain the origin of society. Both try to explain the evils and inequalities of society, and to a certain degree to discuss whether man in his natural state is better than man in society. These political science based theories do not appear, at first, to have anything in common with J. Hector St. John De Crà ¨vecoeur’s Letters from an American Farmer, whichRead MoreEssay about Natural Equality and Civil Society1272 Words   |  6 PagesSociety According to John Locke in his Second Treatise of Government, natural equality is an essential component of the state of nature; the ‘state of nature being one of peace, tranquility, and equality, where there is no common power guided by reason. However, the lack of common power also supplies an inconvenience for the state of nature– the aptitude to fall into a state of war with no means to escape it. To avoid this inconvenience, Locke finds it a necessity to form civilRead MoreThe Theory Of Government, Science And The Nature Of Human Beings1466 Words   |  6 PagesThomas Hobbes, Baruch Spinoza, Francis Bacon, John Locke, Jean-Jaques Rousseau and Francis Hutcheson are few of the many Enlightenment thinkers that used reason to challenge the structure of government, science and the nature of human beings. For example, Hobbes believed that man was born evil and shared in Aristotle’s belief that government was essentially the preservation of order against manâ⠂¬â„¢s instinct for selfishness and violence. In contrast, John Locke believed that each man was born with a ‘blankRead MoreThe Inspiration of the Declaration of Independence1203 Words   |  5 Pageswhy Thomas Jefferson wrote the famous Declaration of Independence. One of the great philosophers that Thomas Jefferson followed was John Locke. John Locke was a British philosopher who was known for his liberal anti-authoritarian theory of state, his empirical theory of knowledge, his advocacy of religious toleration, and his theory of personal identity. When Locke was developing one of his theories which was to obey the state, he was able to make sense of when starting from an initial state of natureRead MoreJohn Locke s Theory Of The Declaration Of Independence2480 Words   |  10 PagesJohn Locke, an influential English philosopher, has been considered one of the greatest thinkers during the Enlightenment. Well-known for his fundamental role in developing political philosophy, John Locke is widely regarded as â€Å"the Father of Liberalism†. Furthermore, being a pioneer empiricist, his famous theory of the human mind as containing non-innate ideas is often seen as an inspiration for contemporary empiricists. He also contributed to the so cial contract theory. This theory states that:Read MoreCoexistence of Equality and Inequality under the Social Contract1508 Words   |  7 PagesPolitical theories abound, considering many parts of society and the body politic. John Locke was one of the first to expound on the origins of property, and sixty-six years later Jean-Jacques Rousseau would also address the issues of property and inequality. According to Locke and Rousseau, the social contract is sanctioned by formal equalities yet creates or gives way to inequalities after it is formed. Though Locke would argue that inequalities in the private sphere don’t fall under the jurisdiction

Life and Works of Toni Morrison free essay sample

The Life and Work of Toni Morrison Toni Morrison, a premier contemporary American novelist, chronicles the African-American experience. Morrison has written six novels and a collection of essays and lectures. Her work has won national and international acclaim and has been translated into 14 languages. Her writing has been described as lyrical and she has been applauded for â€Å"writing prose with the luster of poetry. † Morrison won the prestigious Pulitzer Prize in 1988 for her novel  Belovedand the coveted Nobel Prize for Literature in 1993. In a released statement, the Nobel Prize Committee of the Swedish Academy awarded the prize to Morrison â€Å"who in novels characterized by visionary force and poetic import, gives life to an essential aspect of American reality. † She is the first African-American writer to win the Nobel Prize, the first American woman to win in 55 years, and the eighth woman to win since the Nobel Prize was initiated in 1901. Morrison’s work, however, is not without controversy. In 1988, 48 African-American writers signed a letter protesting that her novel  Beloved  was overlooked for the National Book Award and the National Book Critics’ Circle Award. Many white authors and even some male African-American authors complained when she was selected for the Nobel Prize. They felt she received these awards due to preferential treatment based on race and sex. However, an overwhelming majority of the literary community agrees that such allegations are without merit. The Nobel Prize in Literature is not awarded for gender or race,† says Nadine Gordimer, the last woman to win the prize in 1991. â€Å"If it were, many thousands of mediocre writers might qualify. The significance of Toni Morrison’s winning the prize is simply that she is recognized internationally as an outstandingly fine writer. † Often the controversy surrounding such prizes are due in part to fierce competition for the money and prestige that are guaranteed to the rec ipients. Morrison has been hailed by experts for her ability to â€Å"re-imagine the lost history of her people. Others have recognized the Faulknerian influences in her work or that her plots have the sorrow of Greek tragedies. Along with the honor of winning the the Nobel Prize comes a cash award of $825,000. Morrison is currently the Robert F. Goheen Professor in the Council of the Humanities at Princeton University. Toni Morrison was born Chole Anthony Wofford in Lorrain, Ohio in 1931 during the Great Depression. (Toni is her nickname; Morrison is the name of her ex-husband. ) Her grandparents were former sharecroppers who migrated north from Alabama in 1910 to find a better life. Her family’s life was not without economic and racial hardships. They lived in a largely all-white town. Unpleasant memories of growing up there include being looked down upon because she was black. The only part-time job she could get at age 13 was cleaning people’s homes. In spite of these humble origins, Morrison received a B. A. from Howard University and a M. A. in English from Cornell University. Her master’s thesis was on writer William Faulkner, another Nobel Prize winner, whose work focused on life in the South. Upon graduation, one of her first round of jobs was teaching at Howard University. One of her students included writer Claude Brown who asked her to look at his 800 page manuscript. His book went on to become the classic urban autobiography  Manchild in the Promised Land. Another one of her students who went on to fame was Stokely Carmichael, a student activist and leader in the Black Power Movement of the sixties. In fact, the idea for her first book,  The Bluest Eye, came from the popular slogan â€Å"Black is Beautiful. Morrison placed a twist on that theme by focusing on a little black girl who did not think she was beautiful. After her teaching stints and the end of her marriage, she raised two sons as a single parent and wrote in her spare time. Morrison was hired by Random House, where she advanced from textbook editor to the position of senior editor. During her 18-year tenure, she helped writers to clean up their manuscripts, edited the  Black Book, a collection of Af rican-American memorabilia, and pushed for the publication of works by deserving, but often overlooked, African-American authors. Some of the authors that came to the limelight under her stewardship were Alice Walker, Gayle Jones, Gloria Naylor, and Toni Cade Bambara. Continuing to use Morrison as a guide, African-American female authors have emerged as a consistent and critical dimension in literature. In a 1994 interview with  Time  magazine, Morrison understands the significance of her work for female authors. â€Å"I felt I represented a whole world of women who either were silenced or who had never received the imprimatur of the established literary world. Seeing me up there might encourage them to write one of those books I’m desperate to read. † Before Morrison, the most successful African-American writers were males. For example, the work of acclaimed African-American novelist and essayist James Baldwin had tremendous literary impact in the fifties and sixties. Racial themes were explored as they had never been before in his books  Nobody Knows My Name  and  Go Tell It on the Mountain. Eventually, Baldwin felt uncomfortable living as a second-class citizen in the United States and became an ex-patriate who lived and worked from Paris. Richard Wright, Baldwin’s predecessor, was also an ex-patriate. Beginning with his autobiography  Black Boy  in 1945, Wright continued with  Outsiders, Uncle Tom’s Children, and his most important work  Native Son. Ralph Ellison wrote only one book. Yet Ellison’s Invisible Man won a National Book Award in 1952 and this allowed him to join the ranks of male authors successful at depicting the disenfranchisement of the African-Americans in the United States. Morrison is recognized as the most distinguished African-American novelist since Wright, Ellison, and Baldwin. In her work as an author, Morrison wanted to continue to broaden the perspective of American literature by telling the stories she felt were never told, stories about African-American girls and women and the racial and social pressures they faced. She wanted to write about people with the sensibilities of the culture she grew up in. Morrison wanted her work to focus on the joys and sorrows of their lives. She wrote her first novel when she was in her 30s. The Bluest Eye, published in 1970, is about a black girl who feels she has no beauty. If only her eyes were blue and her skin was white, then she could be someone who could be loved. The book received respectable attention. The Bluest Eye  became the first of many of Morrison’s explorations into the identity, self-esteem, and impact of racial discrimination on what she believes to be the most vulnerable—women and children. Sula, published in 1973, shows two friends, black and female, and how they fit and don’t fit into their community. With the publication of Song of Solomon in 1977, Morrison won critical and commercial success and the National Book Critics’ Circle Award. By the time her next novel  Tar Babywas due in the bookstores in 1981, she was featured on the cover ofNewsweek. Ever expanding on the theme of telling stories untold, it is said her bookBeloved  was written in memory of the millions of lives lost during slavery. The plot centers around an ex-slave Sethe who would rather kill her own children than risk that they be re-enslaved. The ghost of Sethe’s dead child tries to remain close to her mother and wreaks havoc when she cannot. All of the characters in  Beloved, Morrison’s Pulitzer Prize winning novel, try to recover from the personal and collective indignities of slavery. I was trying to make it a personal experience,† says Morrison in a question and answer interview with  Time  magazine. â€Å"The book was not about the institution—Slavery with a capital S. It was about these anonymous people called slaves. What they do to keep on, how they make a life, what they’re willing to risk, however long it lasts, in order to relate to one another—that was incredible to me,† she says. In 1992 Morrison published  Playing in the Dark, a collection of her Harvard lectures. In this collection she coins a new term, once again reinventing an already established concept. She teaches a humanities course that changes the term African-American to American Africanisms. This same year she also published  Race-ing Justice, En-Gendering Power, essays on the controversy surrounding the Clarence Thomas Supreme Court confirmation hearings. In her novel  Jazz, also published in 1992, Morrison continues her theme of giving a voice to the voiceless. Once again, she does everything she can to stretch the imagination. The novel makes both racial and historical statements about the inequities of life for African-Americans in the post-slavery era. With the writing of  Jazz, Morrison takes on new tasks and new risks. Jazz, for example, doesn’t fit the classic novel format in terms of design, sentence structure, or narration. Just like the music this novel is named after, the work is improvisational. In this work, she is influenced not only by the jazz, blues, and gospel music she was reared on, but also by the folklore, tall tales, and ghost stories that her family told for entertainment. The result is a writing style that has a unique mix of the musical, the magical, and the historical.

Partner culture difference and double-layered acculturation Essay Example

Partner culture difference and double-layered acculturation Essay Several studies have found that business opportunities in host countries improve their performance when they have a local partner (e. g. Beamish Banks, 2003). However, the Makino and Beamish (2004) ownership structure does not imply that all global business opportunities involve a local partner. For instance, cross-national global business opportunities occur when two home-country firms (such as two US firms) form a business opportunity in a second country (such as in Japan), and tri-national global business opportunities occur when partners from different countries (such as a US firm and a Japanese firm) form a business opportunity in a third country (such as in China). Both of these ownership structures are global business opportunities without a local firm as a partner. Partner culture difference and double-layered acculturation Culture is an important aspect of cross-border activity that can significantly influence business opportunities (Parkhe, 2004). Makino and Beamish (2004) suggest that business opportunities between partners with similar national cultures should experience higher survival rates and performance levels than business opportunities between partners with dissimilar cultures. Cultural differences between partners can reveal different management styles and knowledge management practices, which could lead to misunderstandings about the local market, prolonging or reducing knowledge acquisition in the host-country market. We will write a custom essay sample on Partner culture difference and double-layered acculturation specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Partner culture difference and double-layered acculturation specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Partner culture difference and double-layered acculturation specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Thus, partner cultural difference can adversely affect a foreign firm’s performance in the host country (e. g. Parkhe, 2004). Cultural differences also affect the ability of firms to learn how to operate with a foreign partner in the business opportunity (Barkema Vermeulen, 2004) and may influence the firm’s learning capabilities (Makhija Ganesh, 2004). Cultural differences may create ambiguities and mistrust in the relationship, which can cause conflict. Cultural differences can even cause the parent firms to terminate the business opportunity (Barkema et al. , 2000). Hence, a business opportunity structure without partner cultural difference (such as domestic business opportunities and cross-national global business opportunities) should perform better than business opportunities with partner cultural difference (such as in home-country traditional global business opportunities, host-country traditional global business opportunities and tri-national global business organization). An alternative perspective focuses on double-layered acculturation, which is defined as a structure of global business organization in which there are both partner and location cultural differences. The double-layered acculturation perspective suggests that global business opportunities can face operational challenges from both host country national culture and partner culture differences. Barkema et al. (2000) contend that firms that enter a country by establishing a wholly owned subsidiary or global business organization may incur cultural barriers, but the barriers caused by these two modes of entries may differ. These authors further assert that culture difference makes a global business organization more susceptible to termination than a wholly owned subsidiary. A wholly owned subsidiary requires that a firm adapt to a national culture Host-country traditional global business opportunities and tri-national global business opportunities, however, incur ‘double-layered acculturation’ by requiring adaptation to both the culture of the partner and the cultures of nations that business opportunities are operating in. Contractor and Lorange (2003) note that this kind of culture difference gives rise to higher costs for an global business organization Double-layered acculturation leads to higher relational hazards (e. g. trust building costs) for host-country traditional global business opportunities and tri-national global business opportunities than for home-country traditional global business opportunities and cross-national global business opportunities. As noted above, strategic alliances or partnerships in channels of distribution are not usually legally defined entities governed by state, national, or international laws, and thus trust may be viewed as a substitute for control (Rousseau Sitkin, 2004). That is, while a legal contract is one way of controlling an exchange partners behavior, detailed contracts can get in the way of effective exchange relationships (MacCauley, 2001). However, relational trust is developed between exchange partners through repeated interactions over time (Rousseau Sitkin, 2004). As a partner is found to be reliable and dependable, positive expectations are formed regarding the partners intentions. Over time, attachments are formed between partners based on reciprocated care and concern (McAllister, 2004). Such trust is critical in strategic alliances among partners because strategic alliances require the coordination of two or more partners to pursue shared objectives (Doz, 2000 and Kanter, 2000).